Main Street Essay examples -- Sinclair Lewis

Sinclair Lewis makes point of the efforts that Carol produces to reform her new home. These efforts can be perceived by the townsfolkspeople as unwelcomed and unsuccessful. Some of Carols ideas argon ludicrous, out of proportion and not ready for the slow-moving town. She tries several different approaches to reforming the town from the moment of her arrival. She goes from architectural reform to poetic reform to artistic to introducing liberalism to disport affectionate functions. All of these tactics she hopes will spring forth a reform movement to beautify and culturalize the town and people. Her initial attempts at bringing the town out of its shell consisted of throwing fun and exciting parties. Such as her Chinese house-warming party on page 66. She plans this social event as a guidance to bring the people out of their normal funeral parlor routine of sitting in a circle and making small talk. For the moment she is successful, but before long after she implements sledding , skiing and skating outings, people begin to recoil back into their normal routines. Again, Carol is frustrated with the progress of the town, and she soon feels rejected by the social elite at the Jolly Seventeen club on page 78. Her attempts to open the minds of the Jolly Seventeen to the issues of the lower class, backfires into a discussion of foreign incompetencies and laziness. Her composition becomes the antithesis of Gopher Prairie social beliefs and structure. After presumably months of social reclusion, Carol is coe...

Stephen Cranes The Open Boat and Jack Londons To Build A Fire Essay

Stephen Cranes The unmortgaged boat and Jack Londons To Build A FireStephen Cranes short story, The Open Boat speaks directly to Jack Londons own story, To Build A Fire in their applications of rude(a)ism and views on humanity. Both writers are demoralized in their views of humanity and are acutely aware of the natural world. The representations of their characters show humans who believe that they are strong and can ably survive, but these characters some times overestimate themselves which can lead to an understanding of their own mortality as they face down death.In To Build A Fire, the main conflict throughout is man versus nature although it would be inaccurate to say that nature goes out of its way to assault the man. The fact of the matter is, nature would be just as cold without the mans presence heedless of him beingness there .The environment as a whole is completely nonmaterial to the man, as it oftentimes is in naturalist literature. The bitter environment does not aid him in any way, and it will not notice if he perishes. In the same way, the mark does not care about the man, only about itself. Ironically enough though, as the man was dying he was getting upset toward the dog because of its natural warmth, the instincts that it had, and its survival skills and those were the elements that the man lacked for survival. It is ironic that the man had to die in order to find out that mans fragile body cannot survive in natures harsh elements, regardless of a humans natural over-confidence and psychological strength.The protagonist of the story, who is purposely not given a name, as the idea that the environment will receive his fate rather than his free will. The Man is forced to accept that he is not invinc... ...nd they are simply along for the ride.Stephen Cranes The Open Boat and To Build a Fire by Jack London are both naturalistic tales that portray the universe as a somewhat indifferent being that could not care less for the any of th e men in either story. The irony is biting, yet completely subverts the ideals and values that humanity generally holds of being superior and invincible in the world. Works CitedGurian, Jay. The Romantic Necessity in Literary Naturalism Jack London. AmericanLiterature 112-20. Print.London, Jack. To Build a Fire, by Jack London. The World of Jack London 2012. Web. 02May 2012. .Pizer, Donald. Jack Londons To Build a Fire How Not to Read Naturalist Fiction.Philosophy and Literature 34.1 (2010) 218-27. cast off Muse. Web. 1 May 2012..

The Cold War 1980’s-1990’s Essay -- World History

Upon hearing the mention of The Cold War most people begin to imagine and believe of a time focused on political and military tensions between two main powers, the join States of the Western world and The Soviet Union of the communist world. The context of the Cold War has traditionally been seen this way, as a nontraditional war without any engagement of battle, as a nuclear arms move between to profoundly unlike political and economic ideologies. Though being accurate this view of the Cold War is not complete. The Cold War was not just a nonviolent war between the United States and the Soviet Union but one affecting the entire planet in different fashions and on multiple plains. It is for these reasons that while sluicets during the 1980s-1990s seemingly led to the conventional end of conflict, they ironically only facilitated the existence and continuance of the Cold War even until today. Probably one of the most recognized events of the 1980s is the have of communism but fi rst it is important to look at events that leading up to this collapse to provide a better context of events post collapse. One very significant period of time was the mid 1980s when it seemed all eyes were on Africa in its entirety. The release of the song We are the World in 1985, the Break the Chains campaign of 1987, and the focus on the influential figure, Desmond Tutu, during 1986 are all examples of how the United States and other countries were focused on providing aid to africa. In her book, learn Aid U.S. Development as Foreign Policy in Ethiopia, Amanda McVety explains this aid and how United Sates extraneous aid was a cold war project, It offered a Cold War weapon that was not a weapon and promised peace through peaceful me... ... 8.4 (2006) 29-56. Print.McVety, Amanda Kay. Enlightened Aid U.S. Development as Foreign Aid Policy in Ethiopia. New York Oxford UP, 2012. Print.Suppression of Communism Act, No. 44 of 1950 Approved in sevens South African History Online. So uth African History Online. Web. 03 May 2012. no-44-1950-approved-parliament.Totten, Samuel, and Rifiki Ubaldo. We Cannot Forget. Interviews with Survivors of the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda. Rutgers UP, 2011. Print.TED KENNEDYS AFRICAN LEGACY. Africa Is a Country. Web. 03 May 2012. .Ye, Weili, and Xiaodong Ma. Growing up in the Peoples Republic Conversations between Two Daughters of Chinas Revolution. New York Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print.

To what Extent the Progressive Movement was Successful Essay -- essays

In the beginning of the twentieth century, the economy was booming, new technology flourished. The rapid industrialization brought achievement to the United States, however, it also caused several tender problems. Wealth and power were concentrated in the hands of a few, and poverty and political corruption were widespread. As mickle became aware of these problems, a new iron out group was created. Unlike populism, which had been a group of farmers grown desperate as the economy submerged into depression, the new enlighten movement arose from the educated middle class. These people were known as the progressives. The Progressive Movement was a movement that aimed at solving political, economic, and complaisant problems. The Progressives were people from the middle class who had confidence that they could achieve social progress through political reform. The Progressives sought after changes and improvements in the society through laws and other federal actions.Many progressives thought that the greatest way to reform society was through its schools. Public education had grown rapidly since the Civil War. Progressives had new ideas about the purpose of education. Progressive educators believed that children should learn best by bring in activities where they can work on projects and learn at their own rate. I thought this idea was a better way of learning because memorizing methods were genuinely stressful and many people have diverse ways of learning visual, hearing, hands on, and etc.In addition, the Progressives were absolutely correct to improve society by education because by having an education, it will prepare an individual to earn a living, but also to prepare the student to play a useful theatrical role in a democratic society. With e... ...icter safety laws, for instance, employees must wash their hands before working. The Women Christian Temperance Union, they fought against liquor, and at this time, they still fight about liquor and driving and they are called MADD Mother?s Against Drunk Driving. Women are also allowed to run for Senators/Representatives in government and for presidencies. They have the right to vote for anything and have a voice. Education has also influence us because now we have a law called ?No Child Left Behind?, and we have standardized test CAPT (CT), SATS, ACTS, etc, which shows how much a student demonstrates their skills in a specific subject. Working laws has change minimum wage because people deserve more money for the hours they work, and just about business provide health/dental/life insurance. In brief, the Progressive Era?s actions are still affecting Americans today.

The Threat of Nihilism: New Educational Opportunities? :: Education Philosophy Philosophical Essays

The Threat of Nihilism New Educational Opportunities?ABSTRACT If the educator is characterized by a uncoercedness to stand for something and simultaneously willing to maintenance for someone, then the philosophy of legitimacy should help the educator out of the problems that the Enlightenment childbed and some of its critics have created. While our integrative authenticity should pitch us from despair, it should in any case correct the possible immobilism occasioned by the interpretation of some postmodernist authors. Here, what we take as somehow fulfilling us, to a certain extent as well conceived in a naturalistic way, binds us to the ways of structuring our concerns so that others can participate in a common framework. But such a philosophical perspective is confronted with two objections. First, one asks whether it is still ethics given the importance it gives to the empirical level. Second, it is questioned whether there really is a place for the other, whether it in fac t transcends subjectivism. This piece deals with some of Nietzsches central ideas and argues that the reproach of extreme relativism and scepticism is not justified. It concludes that one may find on the contrary an interesting way of dealing with the of necessity individualistic nature of education as well for the educator as for the educandus. If education can be conceived as an answer from one individual somebody to another, particularity, care, integrity and trust are of the utmost importance, and so is what being authentic means. Of course, an agent cannot articulate a project concerning who she wants to be without a context of intersubjectivity. much(prenominal) a project must constitute a particularly illuminating example of what can be done in a certain cordial predicament. Furthermore, authentic identity presupposes a moment of recognition on the part of another. Authentic identity can thus mean pursuing a project in which a willed uniqueness is expressed and the wish f or others to recognize this unique person whom we want to become. If the educator is characterized by her willingness to stand for something and simultaneously willing to care for someone, then the philosophy of authenticity, thus conceived, should help the educator out of the problems that the Enlightenment project and of some of its critics have pressed on her. While her integrative authenticity should rescue her from despair, it should also correct the possible immobilism occasioned by the interpretation of some postmodernist authors. Here, what we take as somehow fulfilling us, to a certain extent also conceived in a naturalistic way, binds us to the ways of structuring our concerns so that others can participate in a common framework.

The Threat of Nihilism: New Educational Opportunities? :: Education Philosophy Philosophical Essays

The Threat of Nihilism New Educational Opportunities?ABSTRACT If the educator is characterized by a automaticness to stand for something and simultaneously willing to maintenance for someone, then the philosophy of legitimacy should help the educator out of the problems that the Enlightenment watch and some of its critics have created. While our integrative authenticity should have us from despair, it should similarly correct the possible immobilism occasioned by the interpretation of some postmodernist authors. Here, what we take as somehow fulfilling us, to a certain extent too conceived in a naturalistic way, binds us to the ways of structuring our concerns so that others can participate in a common framework. But such a philosophic perspective is confronted with two objections. First, one asks whether it is still ethics given the importance it gives to the empirical level. Second, it is questioned whether there really is a place for the other, whether it in fact transcend s subjectivism. This report card deals with some of Nietzsches central ideas and argues that the reproach of extreme relativism and scepticism is not justified. It concludes that one may find on the contrary an interesting way of dealing with the inevitably individualistic nature of education as well for the educator as for the educandus. If education can be conceived as an answer from one individual someone to another, particularity, care, integrity and trust are of the utmost importance, and so is what being authentic means. Of course, an agent cannot articulate a project concerning who she wants to be without a context of intersubjectivity. much(prenominal) a project must constitute a particularly illuminating example of what can be done in a certain brotherly predicament. Furthermore, authentic identity presupposes a moment of recognition on the part of another. Authentic identity can thus mean pursuing a project in which a willed uniqueness is expressed and the wish for ot hers to recognize this unique person whom we want to become. If the educator is characterized by her willingness to stand for something and simultaneously willing to care for someone, then the philosophy of authenticity, thus conceived, should help the educator out of the problems that the Enlightenment project and of some of its critics have pressed on her. While her integrative authenticity should rescue her from despair, it should also correct the possible immobilism occasioned by the interpretation of some postmodernist authors. Here, what we take as somehow fulfilling us, to a certain extent also conceived in a naturalistic way, binds us to the ways of structuring our concerns so that others can participate in a common framework.

My Freshmen Year Essay

My freshmen year ?My freshmen year gives an objective look into the ideal freshmen year of college experienced by anthropologist Rebekah Nathan. From this? experience Nathan wrote about her initiative year as a college student. Nathans story attempts to show the social and academic expectancy of a student entering college. Nathan gave her soulfulnessal accounts of freshmen life by? communicating her experience in the dorm, study habits, general? student interactions, and demographic. When comparing student life at Albion to that depicted in Nathans account, I could make generalizations only if as Nathan also found, no student or campus is alike.To start, Albion College is a small college with a small student? body while the inculcate Nathan attended was very(prenominal) large, so one would guess? there will be differences in what an Albion student would experience? and what Nathan experienced. Nathan had the disadvantage of being an? older women in a sphere of young adults tha t were at the least thirty years her junior. Nathan found it difficult at first to be accepted by other freshmen. Many ruling she was a parent or just someone who did not belong.Although I didnt experience this my freshmen year at Albion College, Nathans account of college dorms seemed to be resembling to that of most freshmen in colleges today. The halls in freshmen dorms tend to be decorated in the personality of the occupants. One thing I noticed was outward decorations of a persons room often reflects the occupants study habits, an area explored by Nathan. Nathan found generally students with busy manikin schedules do what is important first and the lesser important work tends to wait until they hold the time.I would say this action is common among the majority students. As the workload increases for the student, things are pushed to the view for reasons such as personal relationships, exhaustion, or other more pending assignments. Id like to point out that Nathan, as a pro fessor, had her choose of classes which most freshmen do not and made a schedule that worked best for her own interest. In most cases, college freshmen choose classes from what is leftover and most often induct to squeeze unwanted classes into a challenging class schedule. Void of a troubling class schedule, Nathan used her time for?Nathans interactions with international students, she found a slight alienation of that demographic of students. The complaints were that American students often show little interest in the international students and they are often left to explore the impudent country on their own. During Nathans initial experience in the freshmen dorm she noticed that friendships are made within the first week of classes, then it is large(p) to penetrate a new group of friends. Therefore with a possible, language barriers, difference of customs, or just awkwardness of different upbringings, may be the pull in for this alienation.I would say there is a higher percen tage of international? individuals that experience this at Albion College because of the? demographic of students here. Albion College students, for? the most part, are upper middle class white kids. Bigger schools tend to have a wider demographic of race and class, which often makes a melting pot of mingling people. Making friends is the ability to find common? interests with others. Therefore, someone from another country may find it? hard to make a connection with someone a different nationality due to? familiar differences.Nathans depiction of the typical college student gives the picture that students often are goof offs and use college as a social club instead of a place that is meant to promote intellectual growth. Where this may be the norm at larger institutions, I would have to disagree with making this generalization for all schools. Albion College students posit their education more serious than those from other state colleges. Many students at Albion are focused to co ntinue on to a higher-ranking graduate school or job and? realize that taking school with a serious attitude is the way to do? hat. Nathans account of freshman life is vivid because it is her own? experience but it is not typical in some aspects for an Albion student.

Cultivating an Equal Opportunity Society

Question Do you think cultivating an equal opportunity society has helped countries much(prenominal) as South Africa and America to move forward? In a c atomic number 18fully worded essay, show why this is the case or why it is non. The virtue exploit was implemented after apartheid in South Africa and America in order to force product linees to hire disfavor concourses in order to amend the imbalance apartheid created in the economy. The virtue act is very much needed in a country where racism led to a minority group being developed.In my popular opinion the paleness act has a very important role in reinstating a sense of believe in a better future. There is no point in telling a minority group they argon free to do anything but and so not force the majority group to allow this. The majority group could go on refusing to hire minority groups, still harbouring a racist view. You mountainnot expect people to instantly change their eagle-eyed standing views of discrimina tion and overnight start hiring different races and genders.It is a slow process and education, trust and forgiveness are not easily acquired. Here the equity act aims to force people to accept the change and move forward letting go of discrimination. Now in South Africa I believe the equity act has allowed our country to move away from formal apartheid and into a time where the focus on race and gender has become bigger than ever. Today when you sacrifice for an education, bursary or job your race and gender is a major deciding factor for the recruiter or employer.By law in South Africa if you have a business that employs more than than than than 50 people you have to accompany with the regulations and rules set out in Employment Equity act, this is in any case known as Black economic Empowerment(BEE) and should you not give the desired level of BEE status your business can be fined. The higher your BEE status the more likely you are to win political relation contracts ens uring higher paid jobs for your business. Because of the need for a BEE status, employers criteria for hiring rung have shifted from capabilities and merit to race and gender.An employer will much rather hire a staff extremity that will ensure the business a hire BEE status than hire a staff member that will not increase his status or even worse lead to him to being fined. Even though the latter staff member may be more qualified than the first staff member the employer will gain more funs with a less capable employee than with a highly ingenious employee of the wrong race or gender. Because the employer is now coerce to hire less skilled workers his more skilled workers have to work harder to make up for the employees who cannot perform the duties.This leads to feeling of hatred and discrimination among employees. Companies may also struggle to find people of a certain group that is qualified to perform a task and so leave the bon ton under staffed and not capable of providing a service or product. This situation leads to not only a drop in quality of services and products but these businesses also pay back more work as winning a contract is purely based on what race and gender works for you. Companies have moved from absentminded to provide top quality services and products to wanting the correct race and gender to work for them.Your standard of work is no longer important, honourable what you image like. How is that a move forward from focusing on skin colour? Disadvantage groups now have more opportunities available to them now but your race, gender, family usance and religion greatly influence your worldview and interests. For this reason many economic sectors lack the people required to meet BEE status. I interviewed a director of a protective cover company in my home town and he had this to say about the equity act. Mr Smith runs a private security company in mantel Town and employs 150 security guards.He only has a level 2 BEE status. Mr Sm ith explained to me that due to the nature of the tasks required in his company, male employees are more attracted to the job. In order to comply with the employment equity act he has to hire a certain percentage of people from previously disadvantaged groups. unluckily these people lack the funds required to be educated as security guards. Mr Smith has to pay for these people to be educated costing his company a large amount every year and he can also only afford to educate a certain amount of people of the required race, leaving his company understaffed.For example say he has to employ 20 Indians but can only afford to educate 10 Indians. He is not allowed to hire 10 staff members from another group and consequently leaving his company understaffed by 10 people. He also has problems conclusion females to hire as security is not viewed as a job suited for females. For this reason his BEE status is very low and he has almost no chance in acquiring large government contracts neede d to grow his business not even mentioning being under staffed. If he doesnt comply with BEE he will be fined and in order to comply with BEE he has to pay to educate the proper race.It is a vicious cycle and is created from an act expression at empowering our country. In this situation all the act is doing is decreasing job opportunities as implementing this act becomes too costly for small businesses. Trough BEE many disadvantaged groups have been receiving job positions they are not qualified for. Under skilled people are being made directors of companies purely to increase BEE status and thus increase contracts for the company. These directors often still harbour a feeling of oppression and revenge.Many disadvantaged people believe the whites owe them everything after apartheid and when these people are then put in power they ignore the regulation of the equity act. They want revenge for their suffering and will only favour their race or gender. repayable to the lack of monito ring the implementation of the equity act, many companies are never fined for not complying with the act. There are companies playing by the rules and suffering and there are companies ignoring the rules, favouring their own in the job market and bribing their way to the top.We are now seeing companies with a majority of one race being born creating more hatred among groups. This goes for previously disadvantaged groups and advantaged groups. When your race and gender becomes a criterion for employment victimization will always be a factor. Before the equity act you where hired based on merit, sure disadvantaged groups didnt even stand a chance as their access to education where certified but being hired based on your label is fuelling blame and discrimination now more than ever.Not only is the act exaggerating the very problem it seeks to ferment it is now giving people a valid criteria and reason for discrimination. People will always seek to blame and point out differences amon g themselves, this act just allows the differences among people to be taken more seriously. I have heard many times people say, he was only hired because they need more black people, or She only won because she is a women and they need to have a female win so they can keep their government sponsorship. It is a really sad situation to be in when you no longer have to do your best to achieve success but can achieve success by purely applying to a company or university that is short on filling their BEE criteria. Not only is this a bad thing for skilled people who are losing jobs based on race but it is detrimental to skilled people being hired in suitable positions all patch there, they are being frowned upon. I can definitely see the equity act as necessary in our country. It is vital for educating the majority about the minority and vice versa. It is important for empowering en providing confidence in oppressed groups.It can eliminate the stereotypes of a white mans job or a black ladies job. Society can grow so much from being pushed to integrate our relationships with other groups and us as a country can resort our differences but unfortunately this act has illuminated our differences and used it as its very criteria for success. We are moving backwards and our standard of service and quality of products are dropping. Businesses are suffering and the people who do strive for excellence are stepping back in order to favour an attitude of the world owes me everything.The people are not ready for such an act. Our focus on difference and our revenge attitudes are over shadowing our goal of working as one. I dont expect people to forget about apartheid, its effects will still be felt for many years, but I do believe if we can realise that we all do have a chance at an equal opportunity for success, we can create an economy fuelled by one goal, a brighter future for all. Unfortunately right now we are slipping into reverse creating a world worse than before.

How are characters presented as disturbed in Macbeth, Laboratory and My Last Duchess? Essay

It is important to be able to define what disturbed actually sum in order to answer this question to a high standard of explanation. Disturbed is an adjective and it is the showing of symptoms of mental illness, severe psychosis and neurosis. It is withal utilizationful to mete out the audiences of each poem or play to elaborate on explanations.Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, is set during the eleventh century is about the emotional manipulation of individuals and the lust for power and the upmost authority over a victorious Scotland featuring an Elizabethan audience w here(predicate)as Robert Brownings poems, Laboratory and My Last Duchess, is about the overcoming of jealously and treason set during the Victorian era with a Victorian audience. Macbeth in the beginning of the play is a noble, humble and honourable person who, without question would sacrifice his feeling for the liberty of his King, Duncan.As the play progresses he attitude towards life in general chan ges completely, mainly due to the pressure that Lady Macbeth inflicts on him. However, Lady Macbeth has quite a a surprising personality as she is not the stereotypical Elizabethan woman. Lady Macbeth is expected to be fragile, meek, innocent and comforting however in this fantastic circumstance Lady Macbeth would very much rather dashed the brains out of an infant child. This is plain evidence to suggest that Lady Macbeth is of no stable condition.In addition to this surprising fact Lady Macbeth is cunning and bloodthirsty. She demands Macbeth in form one, Scene Five to look like thinnocent flower, but be the serpent undert. It is very common for a man to demand a female to pursue tasks but for a woman to demand a man, especially of something like sacrilege, is very erratic. This could mean two things, Macbeth is weak and is unable to depict his own decisions or/and that Macbeth is mentally deteriorating.Macbeth reason with Lady Macbeths orders in his soliloquy in Act one, Sc ene seven and from the things he points out such as his faculties are so meek gives the reader/viewer good-will for Macbeth suggests that Macbeth is of a stable condition and is able to rationalize his views and interpretation we will proceed no further in this business. Lady Macbeth realises that herself and Macbeth in Act one, Scene Five are too full oth milk of human kindness and therefore aggressively requests to the spirits unsex me here and fill me here from the crown to the toe-top full of direst cruelty.The tone and images that are tagged along with this quote are very dark and cold hearted, also notice the word used to describe the type of cruelty, full of direst cruelty. Not only does Lady Macbeth want to be cruel but she wants to be completely full of the direst cruelty. It is at this exact point when it becomes possible to claim that Lady Macbeth is at the top of the spiral to insanity. The choice of language is oblige as if she felt no sympathy for King Duncan.Lady Ma cbeth uses harsh and violent sounding vocabulary to stress her ambitions Hie thee hither, the use of beginning rhyme attracts the attention of audience signifying that she purposely wants people to know really how serious she is similarly in Laboratory the persona demonstrates her willingness to air a felony Grind away, break and mash up thy paste, pound at thy powder, there is a use of harsh and violent sounding vocabulary and there is a use of alliteration to make an appeal to the audience.During the Elizabethan era a particular doctrine was in place because of the religious relationship involved with that patriarchal society, a feudal system was in place meaning that Sacrilege was unfaithful to such an extent that Hell was certain to be your destination. The fact that Lady Macbeth urges Macbeth to commit sacrilege is, without saying, disturbing because the King (especially at that time) is Gods representative and killing God just to achieve power is so insane that you could ar gue that she is demon possess.Macbeth and the poem Laboratory are both similar in terms of the unusual language used, Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow, a quote by Macbeth in his final exam soliloquy, in act five, scene five, before to his soliloquy Lady Macbeth had committed suicide which was inevitably an act of sin and therefore the afterlife would be fade in hell for eternity Weld jump the life to come.But in these cases We still have judgment here, which meant Macbeth and Lady Macbeth (at least Macbeth) were both aware(predicate) that they had committed felonies during their current life including sacrilege giving the idea that Macbeth was aware of his wrongdoings telling us that Macbeth was not psychotically weak but instead attempted to extemporize the situation so at least he had something to live for. This also gives the audience sympathy for Macbeth because he is able to rationalize his opinions and justifications.The persona uses similar unusual language to Macbeth And her breasts and her arms should drop dead Stanza six, the repetition of the connective and in the Macbeth and the Laboratory poem is used to emphasis their feelings and emotions. In addition to this the persona in Laboratory uses an exclamation mark at the end of her sentence revealing to us that she is certain that she wants this devil orientated scenario to occur in reality, on the some other hand, Macbeth says his quote (mentioned above) in a calm, soothing manner.I am able to say this because Macbeth uses no form of extreme punctuation to object otherwise. This obviously is a difference suggesting that Macbeth is in fact sane because he is clearly pointing out that he has realised that lifes but a walking specter. There are indeed multiple differences that make Laboratory and Macbeth very unalike indeed.The largest and most obvious variance between these two highly construe pieces of literature is that Laboratory is actually a poem of emotion and the outburst of frustrat ion. The persona in Laboratory can be argued to be neurotic because of her intentions but these are just intentions whereas in Macbeth Lady Macbeths intentions are fulfilled, the killing of King Duncan. Laboratory is very much an extreme retaliation of revenge and hatred.

Finding Meaning in a Stolen Life Essay

It is said that both(prenominal) sustenancespan does indeed involve suffering but it is what we make of this suffering that entrust determine whether or non we experience kernel in our life. One must look within and around himself to create meaning in her life i can graveling meaning by creating works or doing deeds, experiencing things or encountering people, and choosing ones attitude towards the suffering in her life. There will almodal values be obstacles in the way to meaningthe tragic triad of pain, guilt, and goalbut one must use this to fuel your drive to find meaning by principal(prenominal)taining tragic optimismfaith, love, and hope. legion(predicate) people lead difficult lives, however, some find meaning and others choose non to. In the memoir A Stolen Life by Jaycee Dugard, Jaycee Dugard is put done what she describes as an intolerable situation, but manages to make meaning of the suffering in her stolen life. Jaycee Dugard has experienced tragic triad pai n, guilt, and death. She deals with pain through and throughout the entirety of her early life. The main source of her pain and suffering was Phillip who kidnapped and put her through hell on earth.Jaycee recalls the solar day Phillip took herthe firstly painful experience she had with the man that would strip her of her innocence. Jaycee recollects what was running through her mind at the time of her traumatic abduction Someone is dragging me and I am being lifted. My limbs feel like they weigh a ton. I drive to resist and try to push away from farther into the bushes. The paralyzing feeling returns accompanied by a strange electrical current zapping sound. I am helpless to resist for some reason. (9-10).It is not long after her abduction when Jaycee is put through an even greater mental test. She has been scare and alone since she was taken from her cutledge domain on that faithful day and now Phillip would only make her more(prenominal) scared and alienated. Phillip does to Jaycee what nobody should ever stimulate done onto them. She experiences pain physically and mentally when he rapes her and she remembers him trying to justifying her suffering He says it would be easier on me if I didnt resist or struggle so much next time. He says it wouldnt hurt as much.I think to myself, if you didnt do it in the first place then it wouldnt hurt at all. But I am too frightened by his act to say a thing in objection to him. (31-32). Jaycee feels her first sense of guilt in her unexampled life when she is given a kitten. Her kidnappers brought her home a kitten and she was happy but says, I have begun to feel guilty for asking for her in the first place. I should have thought about the place we were sledding to put her. This is no place for a kitty. He says his aunt is an animal lover and will take her. (41).She does not motive the kitten to stay in the little live with her because she knows it is not fair for the kitten to not have a draw of space to run around and be happy. Her giving the kitten away makes her feel better because she knows it is not good for the kitten to be stuck in the room of suffering. She manages to provoke over this guilt but soon she is faced with a greater obstacle. Jaycee experiences death for the first time. It is not that of her own life but the death of one of her animals that brings her greater suffering she notes, Blackjack lived a long life.Toward the end I took primary care of him and I was the one that found him when he died. It was really hard for me. At the time, I had made a cat enclosure which he would go in at night to keep safe, and thats where I found him one morning I cried a lot for him. (160). Jaycee was an animal lover and for her to find the cat she took care of dead was very hard for her. However, all of these experiences made her a stronger person. Jaycee did not allow the tragic triad to keep her from making meaning of her life. She kept searching.Jaycee Dugard was on her way to countering with two of the three part of tragic optimismlove, and hope. She had children at a very young age and although she did not want them from Phillip or at the ages of fourteen and seventeen she loves her children very much. She loves both of her daughters, she did not want to give either of them up, stating, I did it because that was the only thing I could do. I would do it all again. The most precious thing in the world came out of it my daughters. (110). Her love for her two daughters fueled her positivity towards her adverse life.She was a very hopeful person all through her young life and her daughters gave her more of a reason to hold fast. Jaycee was constantly hoping that she would one day be emancipated. When she is first placed in the room out endure, she hoped someone was looking for her and that they would find her one day to take her from home. Although she had a rough life from the age of eleven until the age of twenty-nine, she kept a very demonstrable a ttitude by doing work and keeping busy. She found greater meaning in her suffering by creating works. She started a businessa printing companywith Phillip who has put her through endless torture.Over time she learned how to do it on her own and does most of the work for the company I work up a determination and he takes it to the costumer and gets it approved when he brings it back to me, I print them on cards. The job turns out great and I am very regal of myself Phillip says that he thinks I should do the workups and he will get the jobs and help with the printing. (127). Instead of weeping in sorrow for herself that her childishness and beginning of her adult life were taken away from her, she does work to make herself productive.This is good for her because instead of living in the existential vacuum, she feels like she is accomplishing something other than watching television every day like she used to and she feels important. . It takes a very positive person to find meanin g in the kind of suffering Jaycee had to endure, and she embodied this person. She chooses to have a positive attitude towards being captured and enslaved. Throughout the time she was taken she kept a journal and instead of always writing about how much she misses her mom and wishes she was not with Phillip and Nancy, she wrote, 10 things that make me happy 1.hearing someone laugh 2. when my cats are near me 10. knowing someone loves me. (183-184). Instead of thinking of all the bad in her life, she chose to stay positive and think of things she appreciates about life. Not everyone can do that, but she learned that staying positive is more meaningful. All life involves suffering as the main character Jaycee Dugard would know. She suffered a lot in her life from the time she was kidnapped up until she was saved eighteen years later. She suffers the first day she is taken. I want my mommy.I want time to reverse itself and give me a do-over, she cries about the situation she is in (10) . Then it gets worse. Jaycee describes what is going on when she was thrown in the back of the car and taken to Phillips house where her suffering would begin A blanket is thrown on roundabout of me and I feel a lot of clog on my back, I feel as if I cant breathe. I hear voices but they are muffled. The car is moving. I want to get out of the car. I twist and turn, but something is pinning me down. (10). She goes through a scarring experience as he puts her through the greatest suffering she will have to endure in her 18 years here.A few days after kidnapping Jaycee, Phillip takes advantage of her, he stands back up and takes off all his clothes. I do not want him to do that I feel so helpless and vulnerable. I feel so alone. He lies on top of me. I cant stop crying. (31). She was raped and had to suffer through it because she had no other choice as she was too afraid of what he would do if she did not cooperate. Even after being raped and impregnated, she had to pretend she was not the mother of her children. She says that, on the roof I felt like my pulse was going to jump out of my skin.I wanted to grab her and hold her. (154). Phillip and Nancy wanted Jaycee to pretend that they were the parents of the children she gave birth to and that she was just their sister, but Jaycee did not want that. Jaycee wanted to be able to take care of her children and it killed her that she had to let Nancy do it. However, she did overcome the situation. When she was found and reunited with her real family, she wanted to meet with Nancy, I wanted to see her for many polar reasons, the biggest being closure. Telling her that what she and Phillip did was not okay in any way. (243). Although her kidnappers took most of her life away from her, she still stood up to them in the end and wanted them to know she was a stronger person. Although Jaycee suffered a lot she did not let it get the best of her. She has made meaning of her life. However, it did not happen right as sh e was freed as she said, my product has not been an overnight phenomenon. Nonetheless it has slowly but surely come about. (261). She is doing well now and both of her kids are in high school. She reunited with one of her friends from her childhood and now they are really close.She knows what they did to her was wrong but she said she got the most precious things out of it and that was her two daughters whom she loves a lot. She stays clear of living a provisional existence while she was captured and even after she was liberated, she didnt go through moral deformity and bitterness. Sometimes, Jaycee looks at her life and thinks she thinks, I dont deserve it. (267). Jaycee was a self-determinist and believed she had free will to make of her life what she wanted it to be. She utilized tragic optimism to resolve the tragic triad she had to go through.Jaycee kept a positive attitude towards her life and used this to create work and endure the experiences she had to go through and to find love, the greatest way to make meaning of ones life, in the children she was forced to bare. She now knows that, its the simple things that count, and she has used that mentality to make meaning of all her suffering throughout her whole life (268). Citations 1. A Stolen Life Dugard, Jaycee. A Stolen Life. N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 May 2012. 2. Mans Search for Meaning Frankl, Viktor E. Mans Search For Meaning. N. p. Beacon Press, 2006. Print.

Jill Lepore, new york burning

New York Burning, by Jill Lepore, is an interesting yet flawed playing field of a 1741 faction among New Yorks strivers, which authorities discovered in the wake of ten fires started by African Americans. While the contrive claims to examine the slave revolts and ensuing trials (in which over a hundred blacks were executed by hanging or burning) as evidence of how policy-making opposition formed and functioned, it succeeds much wagerer as a study of race relations and the culture of paranoia.Lepores thesis is that the 1741 conspiracy, while based more on hearsay and forced confessions than on actual evidence, occurred within a climate of political and intellectual ferment that made political pluralism (and, ultimately, the American political system) possible. Indeed, the New York she describes was already politically carve up in the wake of the landmark Zenger trial of 1735, in which printer John Peter Zenger was charged with printing libelous attacks against the arbitrary, h eavy-handed colonial governor.His acquittal lay the foundations for free speech but also caused a political schism, as devil rival political factions formed the Court party, which supported the royal governors, and the coarse Party, an opposition group which demanded greater liberties. (However, she makes clear that liberty was reserved strictly for sinlessnesss and pertained more to the press and taxation than to individuals, certainly those of color.) Mutual mistrust between the two parties lingered for years.The 1741 conspiracy took place, says Lepore, within a rather tense and paranoid context. It began in March with a fire at the citys only army outpost, Fort George. Subsequent blazes over the next few weeks broke out at houses and businesses belonging to Court party members, and these were quickly followed by a serial publication of arrests and trials that lasted into the summer.Twenty whites and 152 blacks (slave and free) were arrested and over a hundred people execute d, including many Country Party members slaves and servants. Lepore claims that the end result of these events was greater acceptance of political opposition, but her work does less to connect the slave while to politics than it does to describe a place beset by racism and paranoia.In tracing the plots evolution, Lepore offers the reader a detailed description of New York in 1741. A former Dutch colonization with a multilingual population and sizeable slave population, New York had considerable political division and a strangely paranoid culture. Not only were timiditys of slave rebellions prevalent and population politically split, but novels and plays more or less intrigues were common and highly popular. (She notes that George Farquhars The Beaux Stratagem was then the citys most popular play.)New Yorkers were so highly sensitive to anything resembling a plot and unusually prone to imagine such things Lepore writes, Nothing just happened in the early eighteenth century. Ther e was always a villain to be caught, a conspiracy to be detected. The century was lousy with intrigues (51).In addition, she asserts that the black plotters may train been misunderstood by white witnesses who overheard them in Hughsons tavern, taking oaths and execration revenge on New York.She demonstrates that, much like New Englands slaves staged mock election days to both mimic and satirize white culture, the New York plotters may substantiate been imitating their masters, many of whom were Masons (and frankincense mistrusted in an early America which saw wrongdoing in their secrecy and rituals). Horsmanden, says Lepore, viewed the trial like a conspiracy novel and, In an anxious empire, he found monstrous black creatures . . . and political plotters (122) from whom he thought he could save the city.The 1741 plot was thus tailor-made for the age. It involved a group of New York blacks who swore oaths to burn down the city, kill its white men, take their wives, and to install a tavern keeper and nickel-and-dime(a) criminal named John Hughson as the new governor. After the arsonists were captured and confessions extracted (in some cases with torture, which could not legally be used on whites but was freely used against blacks), the colonys Supreme Court was eager to demonstrate its authority and regain some of the credibility it lost after the Zenger trial. In particular, Lepore devotes considerable attention to Daniel Horsmanden, the slope judge who prosecuted Zenger and was eager to redeem himself.Lepore relies heavily on his own journal of the trial, pointing out its biases and distortions, and she comments that Horsmanden considered losing the Zenger trial a gross humiliation and that the 1741 plot offered him an unrivaled luck to consolidate the courts power. He could make a name for himself (118).Indeed, his handling of the trial shows not only his zeal but also how mischievously colonial courts handled evidence and how grossly they mistreated bla ck defendants. Four whites and over a hundred blacks were executed, often in a grisly manner that assuaged the queasy city. According to Lepore, whites enjoyed public executions and attended out of hatred, out of obligation, out of fascination and, like imprisonment, interrogation, and trial, an execution was a pageant (105). Trials and executions of rebellious slaves were especially celebrated, as the racial order was preserved.Though the book claims to examine the 1741 slave plots meaning in terms of politics, is actually spends little time doing this and her analysis is thus somewhat underdeveloped. However, Lepore offers an excellent picture of colonial New Yorks race relations, which were volatile and tense, adding that however much liberty some enslaved New Yorkers might have enjoyed, it was always fragile and nearly always illicit (155).Whites so solicitudeed blacks that they passed laws regulating their right to gather freely and set grossly unfair standards for sexual st rike (white men could exploit black women without penalty, but black men were sternly discouraged from consensual relations with white women). It is little wonder, then, that blacks resented their white masters and neighbors. Also, at the same time, though, the court was quick to attribute the plots leadership to Hughson, a smuggler and thief on the side, because few believed blacks intellectually capable of be born such a scheme.Lepore ends the book by claiming that the 1741 plot demonstrates how New Yorks colonial politics operated. Horsmanden, who exacted a vicious justice on the conspirators, was stripped of his political offices in 1747 and then became a champion of the liberties he had denied as a judge. His activities redeemed him and one of his posts was restored to him in 1755.Lepore uses this, along with the Zenger trial, as evidence of how New Yorkers became more tolerant of opposition politics, but she does not tie this very convincingly to the slave plot. Indeed, her d iscussion of New Yorks colonial politics pales in relation to her picture of New Yorks social and cultural graces.New York Burning appears to be two different histories in one, with its study of race relations and fear of conspiracies submerged within its examination of how the plot influenced politics. The political aspects are not as well-developed and Lepore does not argue very convincingly that the Zenger trial and slave conspiracy demonstrate how New Yorkers handled the question of political opposition.The author devotes much of the book to exploring race and culture, and she creates a vivid, convincing picture of how early New Yorkers combined fear of their slaves with their taste for (and sensitivity to) conspiracy and intrigues. Had the book been a study of race and paranoia, instead of claiming these were only parts of a developing political culture, it would likely have been a stronger piece of scholarship. The book succeeds as a cultural history while failing to connect race and culture to the developing political landscape of early America.Lepore, Jill. New York Burning. New York Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.

Contrasting the View of the Ultimate Reality in Relation to Science Essay

What compels mankind to seek unity among, science and religion, dickens compartmentalized and distinct aspects of our cosmea? John Polkinghorne states, in Does divinity fudge Act in the Physical World, The demand for an integrated account of both theological and scientific insight impels us to the task (Polkinghorne 59). Yet Polkinghorne is non al one is his quest in Emptiness and Form Fritjof genus genus Capra connects the last human beings with the carnal terra firma.While Polkinghorne and Capra tally on certain ideals, such as the mans inability to fully grasp the ultimate and the incorporation of quantum mechanics in individually ones respective argument, they also contrast in terms of the religions they use to defend their argument. This leads to differences in their keep an eye ons on the ultimate and His interaction with the sensible world. While this leads to devil distinct and diverse arguments, I believe that both arguments are equally presented in a reputabl e and successful manner.At one point in each of their respective arguments, Polkinghorne and Capra clearly state that the witnessing of the ultimate reality ignorenot be fully understood by humankind. Polkinghorne writes, We are a grand way from a full understanding of our own powers of agency, let alone how it is that God works in the world (Polkinghorne 74). Due to our limited minds and capabilities, mankind provide never be able to fully grasp the ultimate reality in its full essence.It is quite mindboggling, if not impossible, to fully understand the ultimate reality, when it is as an immeasurable and omnipresent being. The reality underlying all phenomena is beyond all forms and defies all description and specification (Capra 211). The professor who taught my freshman Colloquium on Science and morality once stated that God cannot be put in a test tube. While he did say this statement as a intend to refute the existence of an ultimate reality, his assertion is valid there is only so much we can know about the divine.It is crucial that both Polkinghorne and Capra affirm this position in order to clarify that season it is possible to unify the ultimate reality with the physical world, we testament never fully understand the relationship. In evolution terms, there seems to be a missing link that allows us to connect both aspects. Also, both Polkinghorne and Capra use the ideas and concepts of quantum mechanics as set forth when connecting the ultimate reality with the physical world. Capras discussion of electrons and photons becomes the premise for one of his deductions.Capra writes, The full interaction between the electrons will embroil a series of photon exchanges (216). This leads to the assertion that there are no true forces in the subatomic world just now that these interactions are due to the exchange of particles, that fit in to the quantum field theory are created and destroyed (Capra 217). These two premises lead Capra to state, The e lectromagnetic forces are due to the presence of virtual photons within supercharged particlesandthe forces between particles appear as intrinsic properties of the particles. After deducing this premise Capra goes on to say, Such a view of forces is also characteristic of Eastern mysticism which regards motion and change as essential and intrinsic properties of all things (221). In order to clarify this statement he utilizes aspects of Chinese religion and explains how this assumption of quantum mechanics is connected to the ultimate reality. Like Capra, Polkinghorne makes use of the theories and ideas of quantum mechanics as premise to relate the ultimate with the physical. iodin of the ideas he uses is the chaos theory.The theory says that events in a chaotic brass are random but Polkinghorne employs this theory in his argument in order to show how deterministic chaos is not a valid argument, which will eventually lead to his idea of an unfold system. He says, A chaotic syste m is not totally chaotic in the familiar sense, corresponding to absolutely random behavior. There are certain possibilities cognise as a strange attractor and its limited to a certain extent, but this detailed future behaviour of a chaotic system is unknowable (Polkinhorne 52).Later on in his argument, Polkinghorne discusses the idea of deterministic chaos and consider it from a different viewpoint. He writes Instead of adopting the conventional strategy of saying this shows that simple determinism underlies even apparently complex random behavior, I prefer the realist strategy of seeking the closest alignment of ontology and epistemologywhich has the additional advantage of accommodating the notion of top-down causation in a natural way (Polkinghorne 64).The premise of top-down causality leads to his connection of the ultimate reality with the physical world and that God interacts with the world in a top-down fashion. If the ultimate reality does truly interact with the world, thusly this will lead to the discussion of an open system in which Polkinghorne also uses the basis of quantum mechanics in order to make a postulation. Another major(ip) theories Polkinghorne frequently refers to in his argument is the Heisenbergs uncertainty principle, which states that we cannot simultaneously know the position and momentum of any particle (53).This idea of uncertainty in the physical world is the premise that leads to Polkinghornes assumption of the universe as an open system. He writes, The gaps of quantum uncertainty operate only in particular circumstancesto erect an openness at the lever of classical physics (Polkinghorne 60). While Polkinghorne advocates the idea of an open system, it is clear that his counter partner, Capra, sees the universe as a shut system. One of the major differences between Capra and Polkinghorne is the concept of a closed system versus an open system.Capra respectively agrees and accepts with the view of the universe as a closed system. Capra explains this concept by first explaining the idea of matter and empty space or the full and the void. He discusses how these are interconnected. The two cannot be opulent (Capra 208). In Eastern religions, this Void has an infinite creative potentialwhichlike the quantum field, it gives birth to an infinite variety of forms which it sustains and eventually reabsorbs (Capra 212).The notion of it sustaining itself and reabsorbing leads to the idea of a system that is set up and is able to maintain itself without the help of an ultimate being. Buddhism expressed this idea of form and self-love in a single whole entity. Capra quotes, Form is emptiness, and emptiness is indeed form. Emptiness is not different from form, form is not different from emptiness. What is form that is emptiness, what is emptiness that is form (215). Also, Capra states that this form and emptiness is elevated into a vacuum diagram that contains an unlimited number of particles which come into b eing and vanish without end. This physical vacuumcontains the potentiality for all forms of the particle world (Capra 222). This system implies that the relationship between the ultimate reality and the physical world is one where the divine has set up system and does not intervene in our world. This premise eventually leads to the idea that there is no free will and that the universe is determined. This view of the universe completely changes the way we perceive the world. Without free will morals and ethics lose validity and are worthless to society.It is quite evident that Polkinghorne disagrees with this concept and presents his views of an open system. Polkinghorne would classify the idea of a universe as an closed system under a minimalist response which is to decline to speak of particular divine actions and to confine theological talk to the single capital act of holding the universe in being. Polkinghorne believes that most scientists do not even consider this notion of a minimalist to be valid. He states that while God did establish the laws and set up the universe, this does not impede his interaction in the universe (Polkinghorne 54).He sees the connection between the ultimate reality and the physical world as relating divine agency to human agency. Polkinghorne explains, When we act, we seem to do so as total beings (57). Therefore God acts in the same as humans do, but it is seen as a God in relation to his creation. This premise leads to the top-down notion of the parts depending on the whole. With this top-down premise, Polkinghorne strengthens his argument of an open system by exhibiting that we are dependent on God, whether through the establishment of the laws or divine intervention in the universe.Polkinghorne also classifies the closed system as a block universe. He writes, It is sometimes claimed that science endorses the alternative view that the universe is rather than becomes (Polkinghorne 68). This implies that the universe has a c ertain determinacy and that God does not act in the universe. Since the universe is, then it is conclusive that God must know the future because it is already determined. The view of the open system appears to be to a greater extent logical and realistic, but at the expense of Gods infinite and omnipresent capabilities.He says, it is the universe of be glide slope that is the correct picture, then surely God must know it in its temporality, as it actually is. God must not just know that events are successive they must be known in their succession (Polkinghorne 69). While I agree that the universe is an open system, it cannot be at the expenditure of God. Say a person is on a roof looking down at an intersection he can see all and everything laid out before him. He observes two cars coming at the intersection at the same time and foresees an accident. This is analogous to God and the universe, where God is in a position to see all and foretell all.Obviously, this is not a perfect ana logy since the person is constricted by time and therefore could be incorrect in his assumptions. Therefore, if we accept the premise that God is infinite and outside the constricts of time, then we can conclude that God or the ultimate reality knows the future in an open system. The most crucial difference between the arguments of Polkinghorne and Capra is their definition of the ultimate reality. In each of their respective claims, the view of the ultimate reality has a drastic effect on the outcome of each argument.The belief in certain characteristics of an ultimate reality is important when there is an attempt to connect it to the physical world. Through further analysis of both arguments, it is evident that the difference between Polkinghorne and Capra is basically a Western Religion versus Eastern Religion discussion. It is evident that Capra takes the side of Eastern Religion his make is titled The Tao of Physics An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Ea stern Mysticism. Throughout his argument he constantly refers to the ideas and beliefs of religions such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese religion.He quotes from their texts in an attempt to connect their ultimate reality with the physical world. On the other hand, Polkinghorne utilizes Western religion as a means of connecting the ultimate reality with the physical world. Specifically he uses the values and teachings of Christian traditions. He says that the discussion of the unity of the ultimate reality and the physical world is a perennial materialisation on the Christian agenda (Polkinghorne 48). One aspect of the arguments that I found to be perplexing was the use of the same laws of the physical world as at he basis of each authors respective argument.Obviously, Polkinghorne and Capra have their own agenda and argument. Therefore, what does this say about the laws of the physical world can they simply manipulate to agree with any form of the ultimate? This cannot be valid or then the laws of the physical world can be mar in order to fit any belief system or value either Polkinghorne must be right and Capra wrong, or evil versa. We cannot accept this dualistic view of the world that the universe can be open in some instances and closed in others.Yet, this view arises when we fail to top that there is one ultimate reality or truth. If there was one truth, then there would only be one way to connect this ultimate to the physical world. At the same time, we cannot say that Polkinghorne is correct and Capra is wrong, or vice versa. If the premises that they base their arguments off are valid then we cannot gain which argument is better, but only say that it is a conflict of realities. The success of the arguments lies in the belief of the premises of the religious and physical world.Faith is the true decision making factor that will allow us to declare a winner in this pursuit of the unity of the ultimate reality and the physical world. If we assume th at the premises of the physical world and quantum mechanics in each argument to be the same, then the only significant difference between each argument is the view of the ultimate reality. Since I have Christian traditions and beliefs I would strongly side with Polkinghornes argument. Yet, if there is a person who has no solid beliefs, then these two arguments would seem valid and justifiable in their eyes, due to their lack of knowledge of the ultimate reality.

Hiv Ethical Dilemma Essay

Hypothetical HIV case The case related to a diagnosed HIV client who sees a psychologist for psycho-education and psychological support following the diagnosis of his condition. In discussing it becomes apparent that the client is reluctant in telling his partner or practicing protective sex. The client is angry and indicated that he even considers deliberately infecting other potential partners. Dilemma 1) Reluctance to advise partnerThe organisation reasonably believes that the subroutine or disclosure is necessary to lessen or prevent (i) a serious and imminent threat to an individuals life, health or asylum or (ii) a serious threat to public health or public safety or (f) the organisation has reason to suspect that unlawful practise has been, is being or may be engaged in, and uses or discloses the personal information as a necessary part of its investigation of the matter or in reporting its concerns to relevant persons or authorities or ACTION Taken All six points including reporting client to Police for taking come along action

Upstream Teacher’s Book

, . l, I r. trrtr. r, tli i l 1 , l t .1, i rl i l r i i l i l l i r i l . I -,) i i i, i r i l i l. -LVEil-iili-llUp,ciireatrn Bl1+ri Frnlotllii,sliar-. elolrdernl-ie-rlell t-tl,vel ectrlse1iolletalrnerr o,,i iiiileLEil(. ltir-sh l-. rllt,uu,U,r Bilieveriuhe aiieiil seiile-s,cpnnhnne. isErrtjE,slr aciirriearllrilrlg iavarittli of lffivef5l vyiiih p,i rented linernilced uo6r,. ies lLnr unlits, ir+vjealiuiler n o o o o . , . rrarety aultllerriiic li. hemc-lcels*el fl*rrt a qrlde ullics, crl in lve sol-,rces, m*nluie ,lrpies fi r,rariei rr*ss.Anyway, we still had a smashing eveningand came away with the best impression. If you ever discombobulate the chance to seeAlsou in concert, you should unimpeachably go. Have you heard her new album? Wite soon and enumerate me what you think of it. Love, Alex (Para 3) what you liked and why tl l Introduction (Para 1) ireetings. t easons. fbr wuiliwg (Pan 2) singer/band you went to see (Pan 4) what you didnt like and why (Para 5) Conclusio n passport b. Read letteragain. the WhatdidAlexlike/dislike aboutthe concert? Whatreasons/examples atomic number 18given to support each viewpoint? (See Suggested Answers Section) 50 Replace underlined the adjectives adverbs the letterwith the following. and in oentertainingfabulous fresh . . . wildly . complex heavenly upset. latest . . (See Suggested Answers Section) (1-4) Read extracts the belowthat review various events. in the missing postulate topic (A-D), directences thensuggest othersuitable ones your throw. of (See Suggested Answers Section) -re opening nightof the Moscow State Circus in 3lasgow a huge was success. -he FarnboroughShow a bighitagain strain this was r-cdf. 5 TherevieWpremiere that it was one of said the bestproductions the year. f 6 lt was sucha predictable/emailprotected that shewasgivena standing ovation 7 TomHanks legitimate oraise hisrole/actor for in Forrest Gump. 8 The routinesand the positioning the of dancers stage are the responsibility a on o f pher music director/choreoq ra wassoimpressed the performance with I wentto cn Friday. expect never to anything boring every(prenominal)mylife in been so 6 peer items(1-5)to the nouns(a-e). famous frlm/television / live/studio/solo big/small/silver childrens/fantasy / popular a b c d screen performance novel film ,it roreographedIn my opinion, is definitely execration silent feature / / . lEId-l . ,,,t ut there was nevera dull moment. The ogramme was well-arranged and well_ i ro m ffi m . i e actor l I + 4 -he new exhibition had nothingto capturemy nagination. I stronglydisagree with the critic highly ,vho wrote, I originaland entertaining . nink complete the opposite true is lmuaffi rw$eMf$ -iie ringmaster an excellent had of sense humour rd the herd enjoyedthe spectacular show. In ry opinion, the highlight the whole evening of ,,,as when the monkeys escaped the crowd into n Backg round learning 1989 Theexhibition/theatre openedin Thedance political party/band formedin 2001 . earand takes The Air Show runsevery mo p l a c en . . i Descriptions Thesoundsystem was excellent. Thevenue hadgreatfacilities. The lyrics were greaVpredictable. Thelighting wassuperb/dreadful. Thecastwassuperb/amazing/very talented. General comments/opinion Dontmiss itl Itswell worth seeing/ overtaking to. You really mustsee/go/ diagnoseen it. to D r , W e . * e r , r i $ stress correct the word. 1 Shakespearesometimes used plots/ programmes ancient plays from Greek Even though I dont usuallygo to see blockbusters/multiplex, I reallylovedMission lmpossible. Tolright, ballerinaSylvie Guillem will be appearing/peform y the role of Clara in The Nutcracker. The success a play findsdown to a advantageously of script/lyric and a good director. Yourturn 7 gn Using language the above, keep opena letterto a you friendreviewing something attended (e. 9. recently art exhibition/the opening a of (100-120 newvenue a concert) or words). Use the ideas belowaswellasyourown. (See S uggested Answers Section) . name/time/olace of evento apostrophize o whatyouliked it about . whatyoudidnt about like it . final thouohts recommendation and 51 All in a days work Vocabulary Practice Jobs people for a living? Whatdo these do Lookat pictures underline correct the and the worc. dentify line of reasonings from the descriptions what the of the peopledo. ptlar 1 Thisperson flies aerop,anes. your simple machineto thisperson be repaired 2 Youtake to mechanic 3 This person takes care of sick animals veterinarian Thisperson workings in an officetyping letter answering phone the andarranging meetings secretary This personwill function you investmoney i companies. stockbroker Thisperson controls movements aircraft the of airtrafficcontroller This persondesigns pagesfor the Internet. web-designer 8 Youpaymoney thisperson a shopor commit to in teller 9 Thispersonhelpschildren and families whc haveproblems. ocial worker 10 Thisperson giveyou the keyto your hote will room. desk clerk/receptionist Complete the exchanges with verbsfrom the list. o provoke . cod o dismiss retire . resign o 1 A So,areyou goingto hope the patronage? for B No. I dontthinklm suitably qualified it. for 1 doctor/ scientist 3 librarian instructor / 4 carpenterplumber / 2 A lan is goingto resign. B Really? Why? job. A Hesfounda better-paid 3 A lf this projectis successful, manager my will nurture me. B G o o dl u c k 4 A lve stillgot sixyears aheadof me beforeI retrre. B H a n g nt h e r e l i 5 A Ive heardthat the company will dismiss peoplenext month. everal B Oh, no. Any ideawho? 4 Fill thecorrect in response thelist. from o . o . Somehodv thesack. nnt Lets it a day. call going, The wayshes Shes workinq been around clock. the 1 A I cantworkanymoretonight very Im tired. B Soam l. Lets it a day. call 2 A ltsmidnight and Ritaisstillat the office. rired. nals . TATq 7 Cross oddoneout asin the example. the 1 2 3 4 5 6 salary, wages,kWpay gain, earn, win,ftd profession *Frrc, jo b, passage, under-paid, poorly +-Fd-d, paid, overuyorked boring, repetitive Eeatr4uninteresting, disdain, uDise*qf , industry, companyB Whats going on? Shesbeen working around clock. the 3 A Didyou hear what happened morning? this B Letme guess. got Somebody the sack. 4 A Didyou seewhat Katedid thismorning? B Yes,I did. Theway she is goingshellget fired. Ings. )y In raft. rnet. )ank. who lotel 5 Complete text with phrases the fromthe list. Youmayhave change formof the verbs. to the . workovertime beherownboss workfor . . . a successful . career workfromhome . beemployed setup . self-employed . Phrasalverbs 8 Fillin go, corry, put,fall,look. 1 A offer you please put me throughto Mrs Lucas? please.B Justa minute, 2 A I cant remember what time my meetingis IOmOrrow. B Why dontyou lookthrough yournotes? 3 A Mike,if you carry this project throughtll promote you to headof the department. B lll do my best, sir. 4 A Why are you so upset? Thingscant be that pretty at work. B You say that becauseyou dont k nowadays what I haveto go throughevery day. 5 A Hesafraidthat his olansto start his own business fallthrough. will B ltsnatural himto feelthiswav. for he n ) rr it. Sheila has 1)a successful career with a large ocsmetics company where she 2) has been miinloyedas a senior marketingmanagerfor the threeyears. es,t Although she is quitesatisfied with iltner she sometimes feels that her work is not 1ob, mtroreciated, especiallywhen she has to 3) work ur*srtirne. is now thinkingof 4) setting up her She mmnr business that she can 5) be her own boss. so Slreilila thinksthat she would be happier6) working vtrirhome,even though she accepts that people ltldr-rto 7) self-employed are less secure than are tltqrse who 8) work for a largecompany. 6 Choose bestwordto complete job the the adverts. il havea 1) vacancv/outer space a young, for dynamic lager nnd hard-working studenVgraduate lead our 2) to pawing sales forcein the London you area. eader As ,ffi,ril responsible 3) team / free radical he for development and 4,educationtraining and you will 5) reply/repo ffrrectly thecompany to Sales Director. Do youwilling work6) changes/shifts? youenjoy to lFe 7) happiness/satisfaction challenging of declaration problems/questions Sl without9)control/Supervi5ion are you 10) oractical/handy? you have a Do yes 11) licence? youcananswer to lf deanltiOy drivers questions, we would to hear fromyou. trese like then Nord Formation 9 Complete sentences thecorrect the with word derived thewords bold. from in 1 Thepolitician gavea verydistorted version of even$.DISTORT 2 He admittedthat the government had made someveryregrettable mistakes. REGRET 3 The prime minister promisedto be more to responsive complaints the future. in RESPOND She thanked her husbandfor his caring supportat a verydifficult time. CARE The ministerresignedbecausehis position was no longer defendable DEFEND rtt,ttfh 300storesnotionwideBookWorldis now over fnrnly estoblished the No,l bookshop the UK, os in lf idou ore 12)sfimuloled/molivoled, commified, trS) ombitious/rulhless enjoysucceeding on ond in exciting fost-poced work 14)locotion/environmenl, we wont youl No previous15) skill/expeliengE rcquired,WE WANT YOU 53 Grammar Use in Conditionals Replace with r,vhen if where possible. 1 .. . lf thisdoesnt work. hellbe in trouble. 2 when lf he is in a bad mood. it is betterto stayaway 3 .. . .. lf you dont havetime today, you can finishthe reporttomorrow. 4 when lf lm tired. I cantconcentrate all. at 5 when lf Jason for asks a raise, hellget it for sure A Whatswrong? B lm runninglate. lf I dont get (noVget) thereon time, the meetingwill start (start) withoutme. A Why aretheseflowers Janes on desk? B lts her birthday. (remember), A Oh no. lf I remembered (buy) her a present, I would havebought overly.A Thisis a beautiful neighbourhood. ( induce)a flat for rent here, B I agree. I find lf I will move(move)in right away. A Why is Peterso in a bad way(p) out? B He has a meeting with the marketing manager. Wheneverthey meet (meet), theyend (end)up having argument. an 7 A Unless Liamshows(show)up in the next fiveminutes, Johnson firing(fire)him. Mr is B Oh, no. ls he lateagain? 8 A Youhavent saida word all morning. B lm verybusywith this report. You know,I would finish(finish)it fasterif you hel (help)me. A No oroblem. 2 Match the phrases to phrases to make 1-8 a-h full sentences. m m m m m H Etr lf Johnhadgot up ten minuteslater, asses French Unless Yvonne her exams, job, lf Paul found a better-paid lf Mr Black calls, Unless Katefinishes letters 5 pm, the by lf you seeFrank, lf Bobhadntbeenso nervous, lf Janes colleagues were morefriendly, Etr a shellhaveto do someovertime b he would havedonebetterat the interview. c hans out tosether outside the -r,O d he would resign the spot. on e he would havemissed bus. the f askhim aboutanyvacancies the company. in I shewont get into university. h tell him Im out for lunch. Wishes 4 Read what the mansays make and sentenc es asin the example. 1 dont havetime to meetJacktoday.I tenderllfonlyI had timeta meet JGCktad6y. 2 canttake anydaysoff work thisweek. I wish/lfonly I could take some days off thisweek. 3 lostmy passport. I wish/lf onlyI hadntlostmy passport. I didnt followyouradvice. I wish/lf onlv I had followed your advice. lm very stressed out. I dont know how to relax I wish/lfonly I knew how to relax. am so stressed I out. I didnt know Marywasin town. I wish/lfonlyI had knownthat Marywas in town. 3 Puttheverbs brackets the correct in into tense to complete exchanges. the 1 A Do youthinkI should take thisjob? for (be) you, I would apply (apply) B lf I were right away. A Congratulations your promotion. on you lf I get (get) the job, I wont B Thank (leave) company. leave the 54 7 dont haveanyfriends. I wish/lfonly I hadsomefriends 8 ate too much. I feelsick. I wish/lf onlyI hadnteatentoo much. 4 She is going to write a coverletter. Shecan sendit with her CV. (to) She is going to write a coverletter to send with her CV. job. Shewants Shewantsto find a morning to. have moretimeto spend with herchildren. (in order to) job in orderto Shewantsto find a morning spend moretime with herchildren. Shehasboughta new suit. Shewantsto make a good impression interviews. s to) (so at Sheboughta new suitso as to makea good impression interviews. at Readthe letter and completethe exchanges using verbs their the in correct tense. N, I )ed )eor Steve, im sorrgobouttheotherdag. I wishl 1) hadbeen fre) here seegou. f ontggou2) totd(telDme to tot UouwerecomLng earlier, 3) woutdhave langed (change) schedutel mg Thereason whg I wasnthereis becouse decided I i go to a conJerence. lt washeldin the most nozingplocelI wishyou4 hadseen (see)it iont meon thot it wasexcetlent because inJoctit was oppositel the Nothing seemed workproperLg to nd thespeokers wereterribLe. ishI 5) never I teord (heor)oJthe event. lt wosa comptete wasteof rnteondmoneg. Angwag,6) witttelt(tetD gouotl sboutit the nexttlmeI7) see(see) gou. Which reminds when gouthinkgouwittbe me, do L,n town agoLn? l 8) were(be) you,l 9) wouldwrlte IJ (write)a daten gourdiary now. If gou10) sent kend) methe inJormotion email. , I promise bg then I (bd here, not running to sittg 1l) woutdbe ond olf conJerences Atthe best, -nrls Sentence transformations 7 Complete second the sentence that it so means same the first. Useno morethan the as threewords. Celiais upsetbecause didnt get the job she at the advertising agency.Celia wishesshe had got the job at the advertising agency. She is savingmoney because she wants to attenda seminar. Sheissaving moneyso asto attenda seminar. lf she doesnt attendthis seminatshewont be considered the job. for She wont be considered the job if she for doesnot attendthis seminar. Shecant moveout because cant afford she to payrent. lf she could afford to pay rent, she would moveout. She didnt take her brothersadviceso she didntfinda job in London. lf she had taken her brothersadvice,sh e would have found a iob in London. Clauses purpose of 5Join pairs sentences thewords the of using in brackets, in theexample. as 1 Faye wantsto find anotherjob. Shewantsto (in havea biggersalary. order to) Fayewantsra find anather in arderta hsvea jab bigger sulary. Shearranged seeher manager. wanted to She to askfor a pay increase. (with a view to) Shearranged seeher manager to with a view to asking a payincrease. for Sheis updating CV. Shecan useit to apply her for a new job. (so that) Sheis updating CV so that shecan useit her to applyfor a new job Reading (1-4) all looking newjobs. Read a. Thepeople are for theirdescriptions underline keywords. nd the Michael has had severalwell paid jobs. Now, he wouldliketo use his psychology spotin a job that he peoples can improve lives. Geoff has always liked making things to entertainhis children. Sincelosinghis job as a. teacher he has been lookingfor a way to turn his hobbyinto a career. Susan first noticedher flair for writingwhen she won a originative writing competition at naturalize. However, career a poetis not her as going verywellandshe must a find newjobto paythe bills. Brookeis currently workingin an publishing office for a company, that she dreamsof a lessordinary life.She wants to explore new places and help protect the environment. (A-F) b. Read job advertisements anddecide the whichjob wouldbe the mostsuitable each person. for There two you dontneed. are - rTour Guide ExploreAlaskaLtd A lifeof pretend you awaits inAlaska. Explore Alaska is Ltd looking guides leadsmallgroups tourists for to of through the Alaskan wilderness to oromote and conservation the in area. No previous have intercourse requiredas on-the-job is training be provided. will Applyin writing William to Seward, Explore AlaskaLtd, 3 Primrose Ketchikan, St, Alaska, AK 99950-3365.CardsWriter Comic CardsLtd Can you say it with style? Comic Cards Ltd wants writers with wild and witty imaginations. Salaries are good for those who can come up with catchy lines and lots of laughs. Email John Keats at www. comiccards. co. uk. j GCu. egiver backfire Lake hash over Do you have the qualitiesto help people with mental illness lead rich and rewarding lives? Spring Lake Retreathas an excellent success rate in dealingwith mental illnessand we are lookingfor caregivers who can approachthose in need with respect. For merely information Florence 01484627 895. call on ookingfor a trainedanimalpsychologist work with our to collectionof wild and exotic animals. ldeal candidates should have a degree in veterinary medicine and a backgroundin psychology. Applicationforms are available from HumanResources Dept,Dunstable Zoo, Bedfordshire, Toy Designer- Lullaby Toys Plc Film particular(a) Talent Inc Wantto be in the movies? TalentInc is lookingfor peopleto takepafi in a Hollywood that is beingshot herein London. film The work requiresa great deal of waiting around. Although therecan be no guarantee you will appearin the f inalfilm, that you may see yourself ne)d to a study star.For more information, callSandy on01292364 807. Want to bring a littlemagic into young lives? Lullaby Toys Plc is lookingfor an imaginative designer toy to increase our range of educationaltoys for children under7 yearsof age. The idealcandidateshouldhave experience toy designand a passion education. in for Tel. Jov Fischer 02646738 991. on (See Suggested Answers Section) l 4l E th to )y to )n /e n. Writing (a letter of appliration) Getting started 1 Read rubric underline key the and the words. Then,answerthe questions that follow. You have come acrossthe following job ad g in the localnewspaper and you want to rpply for the job.Write your letter of ff application. *- - iil . b candrivea car takena coursein photography ,,. ,s1, good organiser e speak English German and f workedasa photographer for the school newspaper workedasa shopassistant *r,illZi2i and energetic sociable Lets look closer 2 Read application letters & B andwritethe A paragraph number nextto the headings the in listbelow. . . . o . opentng remarks/reason(s)for 41 writing closing remarks 45 age/qualifications/experienceA2 otherinformation A4 personal qualities ffi B1 85 82 84 83 fi il I Do you wantto get out and seethe world? ou Are interested photography? in lf yes,thenyou couldworkon a cruise transport Weare looking a photographer for whosalways around to takememorable photos ourpassengers wellas of as developand sell the pictures. equipmentis All provided thecruise by line. lf interested, contact Elliot 089g-7g6756 via Mr on or , email at _. andwe willarrange a job interview. Portfolio necessary. DearManager, E What kind of letter do you haveto write? a letterof application 2 Who is goingto readyour letter? Mr Elliot 3 Should stylebe formalor informal? the formal 4 Tick( /) in the list of pointsbelowwhat yor. shouldinclude your letter in . . . . . . yourfavourite subjects school at yourqualifications anyprevious experience a description yourappearance of your personal qualities yourplans the summer for What do you think the successful candidate should like? be a artistic friendly c canng In a modelling adventurous sociable f sporty 6 Forthis job someone would needexperience to the W Hil lvedecided dropyoua lineabout job you advertised thisweeks in online edition Ny of Magazine Teens. for student l,mquite and gooo at fu t ana 2O-year-old takingpictures.Two yearsago I took a one-yearcoursein photography and l,ve workeo as a photographer ourcollege for newspaper. worked l,ve part-time a shop as assistant a photostudio, I at too. wantto study photographyUEL some l,m at and day sure lll work as a professional photographer for National Geographic. English German My and arent badeither. p t havent worked professionally before l,m but sureld be goodat the job. I am veryfriendly and outgoing. I love travelling and seeingdifferent places. I canprovide reference in which Also, a letter previous my employer Ima goodphotograpner says andthat youcancounton me.I canshowyoumy workanytimeyouwant. p* wont be doinganything JulyandAugust. in We have holidays so I canworkwhenever our then youwant. p- Voucanget in touchwith meon 0g657345 or at emailprotected com.. Let soon meknow Allthe best, /ro**a Laura Hirsch c workingwith youngchildren 7 What qualifications would someone need in orderto be considered this iob? for tatingpictures iear Mr Elliot, p I am writing to apply for the position of )r3tographer which was advertised this weeks in r ineedtonof NY Magazine Teens. for p t am a 2O-year-old student. Two yearsago I iir3l

Pros and Cons of Television Essay

television receiver is nonpargonil invention that serves as a type of role model for Americans everywhere. This mechanism is in nearly every room in our home and commonwealth cant help scarcely convolute on the switch to see what is wake. rough only rely on a television as their only source of entertainment and some view it as a way to get the family together. but one thing for certain is that television has some characteristic that draws humans to the screen and most plenty reflect what they condition. The television is an unavoidable engineering science that shapes peoples lives, on that can both emolument and harm its viewers.Although television is unavoidable, it does have its benefits. Almost every American has one TV in one room of their home. The intelligence agency channel is one of the most widely watched program in the world. People watch intelligence operation as a source of what is happening during the day. Before work, a woman would turn on the news, to ch eck how the weather is so she can pick out the right outfit. Or some whitethorn check the news just to take a glance at traffic to see which roadstead to avoid in order to make it to work on time. The news also benefits children. It helps them understand what is passage on in the world. intelligence, current events and historical programming can help make young people more apprised of other cultures and people. ( Media Education Resources, 18 Oct 2006. http//www.media-awareness.ca) Some news casts help by showing the latest threats in places or even in food reports, which are good things to be aware of. Some people also find the joy in knowing about the latest result on the market or a brand new diet test. However, the news powerfulness non show decent programming for all audiences all the time.The potential harm in television is the power that is shown on almost every channel, but particularly in the news. The news is the place where most of the vehemence is shown and worse, the abandon is real. The news reaches all audiences which means children are exposed to this violence. But the violence show is poisonous to all its viewers. Some local news shows go out of their way in search of violence. (Online News Hour, 18 Oct 2006. http//www.pbs.org/newshour/media_violence.html) When kids witness violence on the news, it gives them ideas and it shapes their view on the world.The same goes for young adults. Most of the violence on the news are by youngadults who are in gangs or a educatee at school. Worse is that the violence is shown in detail and shows every act from explosions to gun shots, to fist fights. These kinds of scenes are not ones that should be exposed to young children and adults. As more violence is reported in the news and as young children spend more time involved with media, they are more likely to take care disturbing news. (National Association for the Education of Young Children, 18 Oct 2006. http//www.naeyc.org/ece/2003/01.asp) The n ews is a helpful program to have, but not when disturbing images are shown.Most Americans who own a TV watch it for an excessive sum of hours, mainly children, so they are bound to see some amount of violence while watching. Some may stumble upon it on accident so they have those frightening images in their mind. Parents are touch on that their kids watch the violence because they are entertained by it. Some kids might have to watch news casts for homework assignments and find helpful information about the country they live in, but they also might see some of the dangers that are here as well. The fact is that the news has the habit of showing clips of tumult during their supposed innocent broadcasts. Overall the news does have its advantages and its disadvantages just like television. The television is an unavoidable technology that shapes peoples lives, one that can both benefit and harm its viewers.

AIR ASIA Essay

Sadanand Maiya Talking to TWB on receiving the Honorary Doctorate, he expressed his happiness and gratitude to the multitude of Karnataka and said that coming from a Brahmin family he was supposed to offer free food to short and needy people, but in business he was dish upless, and as an alternative, he had now decided to help the people in the field of Education under the banner of his own trust namely Sadananda Maiya eleemosynary Trust.The PU Block consisting of 6 floors go out be named after him at Jayanagar National College campus at an estimated cost of Rs. 6 crore sponsored by him with latest hi end technologies, and will start functioning shortly. For MCA from bordering academic year, four floors will be almost ready by June and the remaining 2 floors will be ready by October he said. Besides this, he has donated 40 computers to his home town enlighten and constructed PU Block at Kotta Viveka School and a well stocked library at Sneha Sagar School. be to a reputed hotel ier family which had realised the Mavalli Tiffin Room restaurant at Bangalore in 1924, Mr. Maiya imbibed the innate superpower to CREATE foods with lasting taste and flavour even when he was studying in the shoal/college. temporary hookup most of the boys at his age were more enamored by various extracurricular activities, Mr. Maiya chose to spend his void time to observe and learn the intricate art/skill of making new/innovative foods from his forefathers at MTR restaurant. It was this informal exposure, which had made him a real practitioner of art and science of cooking many conventional foods of South India. Mr. Maiya was born at Parampaalli in Dakshina Kannada district (presently Udupi district) on July 13, 1949.After a brilliant school career in his native place, he completed the Bachelor of Engineering course in electric engineering at BMS College of Engineering, University of Bangalore in the year 1973. Mr. Maiya, as a partner launched MTR Foods in 1976 and by 1978 es tablished a lowly facility to manufacture a host of ready mix products for many normal foods, which became instant hits in the market From a small-scale ready mix unit Mr. Maiya raised the berth of his organisation to a major player in the industrial landscape of the country with high visibility and consumer goodwill.MTR Foods Ltd., as seen today, was incorporated in 1997 with Mr. Maiya as Chairman and Managing Director and growth of the organization ever since has been phenomenal, with the yearly turnover of registering more than Rs. 1000 million during 2002-2003. Mr. Maiya was instrumental in transforming the status of his company from a small-scale unit to an ISO 9000 company with HACCP certification. Adoption of the internationally acclaimed -System Application Product in data processing, popularly know as SAP, by MTR Foods Ltd, for bringing up the management efficiency to be on par with

Leisure Industry Competition Essay

1. Discuss using precedents from a unoccupied attention of your choice, the extent to which challenger creates efficiency. There be m all ways in which a firm or leisure patience can be considered to be cost-efficient. First of all they may be profitably efficient. This is where they would be in operation(p) at their lowest clean cost, meaning they argon benefiting from all economies of plates and experience no diseconomies of scale. They particularly must(prenominal) avoid any waste of factors of production. Allocative efficiency exists when the firm is operating where Price is equal to Marginal Cost. When a firm or industry is allocatively efficient this means they are producing what friendship wants and allocating resources to increase both widening and quality. This may be in the form of specialisation. If dynamic efficiency exists this means that the firm or industry is experiencing abnormal profit. Their aim must always be to increase output in the future very much by rateing in look into and development, such firms are often benefitting from monopoly actor. Pareto efficiency is where production of unmatched in effect(p) can increase without the production of another decreasing.I trust that change magnitude challenger go away create productive efficiency. This is because if there is increased ambition through an increase in the supply of for exemplar entertainment channels entering the TV broadcasting industry this depart essence in firms having the swerve their prices of advertising slots due to the potential drop fall in the look of viewers. This go away mean that they are like a shot price takers in the market and as a result their revenue will decrease. As the firms are profit maximisers they will be unsatisfied with their revenue falling and as a result they will need to reduce their average cost in an attempt to maintain their previous profit level. They will reduce their average cost by avoiding any waste of factors of production in the production of the good/service and in drift to do so they will often reduce their output of any innovative boob tube programmes as there is a potential that they may be unsuccessful and as a result viewers will often see an increase in the number of repeats of television programmes. They will too decrease their output of new programmes in order to stop any potential diseconomies of scale and improve communication in the production of their good/service. hence at this point I believe that inthe leisure industry firms such as ITV have bugger off more productively efficient as a result of increased emulation. Some firms also have the ability to see economies of scale. An example would be SKY who obtained technical economies of scale by the introduction of 3D and HD boxes, and purchasing economies of scale by the purchase of previously unavailable channels and programmes such as HBI and the FA cup. Attaining these economies of scale reduced SKYs average cost leading to them existence more productively efficient. This further backs up my point that increased disceptation does result in greater efficiency. However, it could be argued that this is dependent upon the scale of competition. For example, when Channel 4 and Channel 5 first entered the market this was not the sheath, meaning efficiency did not increase. However, as these channels have become more well established this is now the case. One could also argue that this is also not the case for the BBC due to the fact that they are funded by the Government and do not compete on price.The BBC is a public monopoly nevertheless they are certainly not efficient. The BBC is not cutting costs in order to become more productively efficient the Government is reducing their funding hence this has created the need for the company to be more productively efficient. They are doing this in a number of ways such as moving production from London to Manchester as it is cheaper and therefore w ill reduce their costs. Therefore increased competition is not the factor that is causing the BBC to become more productively efficient Government intervention is. This leads me to the conclusion that the greater the number of firms the more likely they are to increase productive efficiency. But increased competition is not the only factor government intervention must also be considered.In the leisure industry there is always a need for Travel Agents to be allocatively efficient, this is because it is vital that they produce what society wants. If it was the case that certain Travel agents were not providing the holidays that consumers wanted this would simply result in holiday makers waiver elsewhere. This is especially the case at present because barriers to entryway/exit have decreased meaning new firms are entering the market all of the time due to improved communication. This has increased competition in general due to the internet as many travel agents and comparison webs ites have set up online to equal the best deals, which increases thepower to the consumer as they are no longer required to visit the main intravenous feeding travel agents. This has resulted in a greater need for travel agents to avoid mis-allocation of their resources by decreasing the number of planes and destinations. This is because if they do not allocate their holidays to societies needs their Marginal Cost will increase above their price. Therefore increased competition leads to an increase in the need for firms to allocate resources to what society needs and ensure that they are increasing their quality and output to become allocatively efficient.We have established that increased competition will of necessity result in increased output however it will also increase external costs. For example in eco tourism, if output increases in visits to the rainforest this will cause a major increase in the number of negative externalities. Therefore in this case it would be benefici al to decrease the output of such visits in order to reduce negative externalities. In fact I would argue that a monopoly provider of eco tourism holidays would be the most beneficial for the environment as they might produce holidays at the companionable optimum level. Taking these factors into consideration I strongly believe that increased competition will big businessman firms to think about how they can allocate resources efficiently but sometimes at a amicable cost.With SKY benefiting from technical economies of scale it could also be argued that by investing in HD and 3D boxes this has also allowed them to become dynamically efficient as their abnormal profits allow them to invest in research and development which allows them to increase output in the future with the same factors of production inevitably leading to monopoly power. This benefits consumers as they are able to consume greater output in the form of 3D and HD programmes or a wider range of channels in the futur e without the needed for greater factors of production. However, I could argue that this is not in fact them demonstrating greater efficiency as a result of increased competition but kind of creating even more barriers to entry for other firms wishing to compete with them in the broadcasting market.It also could be questioned as to how much of their abnormal profits are actually being invested into research and development as I am aware that the majority of their profits goes to shareholders. Therefore I am led to believe that although theoretically SKYs monopoly power and the lack of competition theyface gives them the opportunity to be dynamically efficient in reality it is questionable as to what will drive competition in the future. Although it could in fact be more competition that will drive future efficiency and not the abnormal profits of on the nose a few firms.I strongly believe that increased competition is most likely to result in efficiency in the travel market as the re are little barriers to entry that current travel agents are able to put up in order to stop competition affecting their profits. This is mostly due to the fact that the internet has allowed many new companies to set up online plentiful consumers the opportunity to compare prices directly therefore increasing the need for travel agents to be allocatively efficient qualification the statement true. However I accept some may argue that if a firm is being allocatively efficient at a social cost they should not be considered to be allocatively efficient and therefore my judgment could be questioned.On the other hand when firms are not competing on price, like for example the BBC, an increase in competition is not likely to result in them becoming more efficient as decreasing their average cost is not likely to be a priority but instead they are more likely to need to increase the quality of their good or service. In theory I believe that the best way to ensure efficiency in the futu re is to invest in R+D (creating new barriers to entry like SKY) and the way to get firms to do this is increased competition. In reality this may result in negative externalities or potentially abuse of monopoly power and monopolies may often end up being inefficient in the long run.